Iris - the colored, most forward portion of the eye
Cornea - transparent, curved part of the eye that helps refract light and covers the iris and the pupil
Pupil - hole in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light that enters the eye
Lens - transparent, biconvex part of the eye located just behind the iris that helps to refract and focus light entering the eye
Retina - Area on the back of the eye that senses light and interprets them into image-forming signals
Macula - super-sensitive area on the retina that allows high acuity in central vision
Optic Nerve - Transmits the signals collected by the Retina to the brain
Vitreous - Clear gel-like substance that fills the eye
If your eye were to be compared to a camera the pupil would be considered the apperature. It determines how much light enters by how large it stretches. The lens carries the same name in the eye and cameras. It's job is to refract the light that enters so that it is focused and clear. The Retina is the film. Here, the light that hits the thin layer of "film" in the back of the eye where the image is converted into signals about what the eye sees. These signals are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve. The macula is a thin cell layer near the middle of the retina. It detects light and permits us to see things in detail in our central vision.